Reference
Note:
Tominaga Masayoshi’s book ‘Anasen Nyumon: Terui Senko (Annam Unofficial Coins), illustrates 15 different coins representing 10 coin inscriptions with round holes and round inner rims. Thierry illustrated one of the same inscriptions and one additional inscription (CMV, pp. Figs 1121 and 1140). Most, but not all of these coins have inscriptions which appear to be copied from coins belonging to Hartill’s ‘Small Copper – Distinct Calligraphy, Group 1. (“An Phap type”)’. There is no clear information as to where or when they were produced. However there is a consensus that they must have been produced in the 18th or 19th century. Thierry suggested they dated from the 18th century and that #1140 was produced in southern Vietnam. However, the absence of any coins of this type from the comprehensive collection of Kutsuki Masatsuna (1750-1802) and their presence in the collection of Christopher Thomas Gardner (1842-1914), actively collecting in China in the second half of the 19th century, might favour a 19th century date of production.
