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Islamic

The Islamic collection contains c. 10,000 coins from across the Islamic world, with strong representation from the early caliphates (Umayyad and Abbasid) particularly in the region of Iraq and Iran. The collection is in the process of publication in the Sylloge of Islamic coins in the Ashmolean series (SICA) of which seven volumes have appeared so far – Volume 1 (The pre-reform coinage of the early Islamic period); volume 2 (Early post-reform coinage); volume 3 (Early Abbasid precious metal coinage); Volume 4 (Later Abbasid precious metal coinage); Volume 6 (The Egyptian dynasties); Volume 9 (Iran after the Mongol invasion); Volume 10 (Arabic and East Africa).

Islamic coin (HCR10508)

Period

Islamic

Mint

Ḥimṣ (Islamic)

Denom.

Follis

Dating

circa 55-70 AH (=AD 675-690)

Obverse

KAΛON, Imperial bust facing, holding globus cruciger in right hand, blundred Greek inscription to left downwards ('N' retrograde), Arabic inscription to right downwards (mint name), all enclosed by beaded circle

Reverse

EMI / CHC, Cursive M with star above, short wavy line to either side of star, small pellets in the uprights of the M, blundered Greek inscription to left and right downwards (mint name), Arabic inscription in exergue, all enclosed by beaded circle

Islamic coin (HCR10616)

Period

Islamic

Mint

Baysān (Islamic)

Denom.

Follis

Dating

circa 55-70 AH (=AD 675-690)

Obverse

CK+O / ΠOΛHC, Two Imperial figures (Justin and Sophia), seated on double throne, holding cruciform sceptres, cross between heads, bungled Greek inscription left and right downwards (mint name), all enclosed by beaded circle

Reverse

ANNO / YIIo, Capital M with cross above and "officina" symbol A below, Greek inscription to left and right downwards with 'N's retrograde (unclear year (frozen)), Greek letters 'NIK' in exergue, all enclosed by beaded circle

Islamic coin (HCR10765)

Period

Islamic

Mint

Unknown (Islamic)

Denom.

Follis

Dating

55-70 AH (=AD 675-690)

Obverse

N/A, Standing Emperor holding long cross and globus crucibule, traced all enclosed by hatched circle

Reverse

الوفا لله, Cursive M centre with cross above, crosses to either side and pellets between uprights of M, Arabic inscription in exergue, around all traces of hatched circle

Islamic coin (HCR10065)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād

Mint

Baṣra (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

57 (=AD 676–677)

Obverse

in margin بسم الله, Arab-Sasanian

Reverse

Arab-Sasanian

Islamic coin (HCR10066)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

Baṣra (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

58 AH (= AD 678–679)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / AWBYTALA Y ZAYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, to left downwards Pahlavi inscription, to right downwards Pahlavi inscription (ruler name), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three pellet triangle, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin divided into four quadrants by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription in second quadrant, followed by triangle of three pellets

Reverse

HŠTPNCA / BCRA, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (mint), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (date), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10200)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

KRMAN (Kirmān) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

58 AH (= AD 678–679)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / AWBYTALA Y ZYYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, to left downwards Pahlavi inscription, to right downwards Pahlavi inscription (ruler name), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three pellet triangle, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin divided into four quadrants by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription in second quadrant, followed by triangle of three pellets

Reverse

HŠTPNCA / KRMAN, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars and crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10067)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

Baṣra (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

60 AH (= AD 680)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / AWBYTALA Y ZAYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, Pahlavi inscription downwards to left, Pahlavi inscription downwards to right (ruler), earring: crescent above two pellets, breast ornamentation: pellet in circle, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin in four quadrants separated by star-and-crescents, legend in Arabic clockwise in second quadrant followed by four pellets

Reverse

ŠST / BCRA, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10210)

Period

Islamic

Mint

SK (Sīstān/Sijistān) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

61 AH (=AD 680-681)

Islamic coin (HCR10069)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

Baṣra (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

62 AH (= AD 681-682)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / AWBYTALA Y ZAYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards, Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (ruler), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: pellet in circle, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin in four quadrants separated by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription clockwise in second quadrant followed by four pellets

Reverse

DWŠST / BCRA, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint) preceded by pellet, all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10233)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

GD (Jayy) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

62 AH (= AD 681–682)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / AWBYTALA Y ZYYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, to left downwards Pahlavi inscription, to right downwards Pahlavi inscription (ruler name), earring: three pellet triangle below upturned crescent, breast ornamentation: three downward slashes, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin divided into four quadrants by star-and-crescents, Pahlavi letters 'GM' in first quadrant, Arabic inscription in second quadrant, followed by triangle of three pellets, pellets above each star-and-crescent

Reverse

DWŠST / GD, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10245)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

BBA (the camp mint) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

62 AH (= AD 681–682)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / AWBYTALA Y ZAYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, to left downwards Pahlavi inscription, to right downwards Pahlavi inscription (ruler name), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three downward slashes, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin divided into four quadrants by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription in second quadrant followed by pelleted annulet, four pellets in third quadrant

Reverse

DWŠST / BBA, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10068)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

Baṣra (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

63 AH (= AD 682–683)

Obverse

Reverse

SYŠST / BCRA, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint) preceded by pellet, all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10083)

Period

Islamic

Person

ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

DS or DST (presumably Dasht Maysān) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

63 AH (= AD 682-683)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / AWBYTALA Y ZAYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards, Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (ruler), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three downward slashes, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin in four quadrants separated by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription clockwise in second quadrant followed by four pellets

Reverse

SYŠST / DŠT, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10212)

Period

Islamic

Person

‘Abd Allāh b. Khāzim, Khusro II

Mint

GD (Jayy) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

circa 63-73 AH (=AD 682-692)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / APDWLA / Y HMAN (Z omitted), Bust of Khusraw II facing right, to left downwards Pahlavi inscription, to right downwards Pahlavi inscription (ruler name), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three pellet triangle, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin divided into four quadrants by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription in second quadrant with other quadrands unknown due to break, followed by triangle of three pellets, countermarks in third and four quadrants as well as on star-and-crescent at 3h

Reverse

WYST / GD, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small crescent and on the right a small star, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10251)

Period

Islamic

Person

Salm b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

MRW (Marw) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

63 AH (= AD 682–683)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / SLM Y ZYYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, to left downwards Pahlavi inscription, to right downwards Pahlavi inscription (ruler name), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three pellet triangle, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin divided into four quadrants by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription in second quadrant, followed by three pellet triangle, in third quadrant a three pellet triangle, lightly punched countermark in fourth quadrant

Reverse

SŠST / MRW, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10267)

Period

Islamic

Person

Salm b. Ziyād, Khusro II

Mint

AYFTAK (uncertain mint in Khurāsān) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

64 AH (= AD 683–684)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / SLM Y ZYYATAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards, Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (ruler), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three pellet triangle, surrounded by double beaded circle, margin in four quadrants separated by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription clockwise in second quadrant followed by three pellet triangle, three pellet triangle in third quadrant

Reverse

CHRŠST / AYFTAK, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date), Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars and crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10211)

Period

Islamic

Person

‘Abd al-‘Azīz b. ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Āmir, Khusro II

Mint

SK (Sīstān/Sijistān) (Islamic)

Denom.

Drachm

Dating

66 AH (= AD 685–686)

Obverse

AFZWT GDH / APDWLACYC Y APDWLA Y AMWRAN, Bust of Khusraw II facing right, to left downwards Pahlavi inscription, to right downwards Pahlavi inscription (ruler name), earring: three pellet triangle, breast ornamentation: three pellet triangle, enclosed by double beaded circle, margin divided into four quadrants by star-and-crescents, Arabic inscription in second and third quadrants, followed by four pellets, countermark in second quadrant

Reverse

ŠŠŠST / SK, Zoroastrian fire altar centre, with two attendants right and left standing facing, at the top of the flames rising from the altar, on the left a small star and on the right a small crescent, Pahlavi inscription to left downwards (date) and merging with attendant's right foot, Pahlavi inscription to right downwards (mint), all enclosed within a triple beaded circle, the outer margin plain and divided into four quadrants by stars-and-crescents

Islamic coin (HCR10333)

Period

Islamic

Mint

Ṭabariyya (Islamic)

Denom.

Follis

Dating

circa 65-70 AH (=AD 685-690)

Obverse

Three Standing Imperial Figures holding globus crucigers, centre figure slightly larger than other two figures, all enclosed by beaded circle

Reverse

لا اله الا الله و حده لا شرله, Capital M with monogram above and "officina" symbol (obscured) below), Arabic inscription from 1h clockwise, all enclosed by beaded circle

Islamic coin (HCR6457)

Period

Islamic

Mint

Ḥimṣ (Islamic)

Denom.

Follis

Dating

circa 65-70 AH (=AD 685-690)

Obverse

KAΛON, Imperial bust facing, holding globus cruciger in right hand, Greek inscription to left downwards, Arabic inscription to right downwards (mint name), star following Arabic inscription, all enclosed by beaded circle

Reverse

EMI / CHC, Cursive M with star above, circle either side of star, Greek inscription to left and right downwards (mint name), Arabic inscription in exergue, all enclosed by beaded circle

Islamic coin (HCR6305)

Period

Islamic

Mint

Ḥimṣ (Islamic)

Denom.

Follis

Dating

circa 65-70 AH (=AD 685-690)

Obverse

KAΛON, Imperial bust facing, holding globus cruciger in right hand, Greek inscription to left downwards, Arabic inscription to right downwards (mint name), all enclosed by beaded circle

Reverse

EMI / CHC, Cursive M centre with star above, short wavy lines to either side of star, Greek inscription to left and right downwards (mint name), Arabic inscription in exergue, all enclosed by beaded circle